When a child struggles to follow instructions, mixes up words that have similar sounds, or seems distracted in loud places, parents might question if hearing loss is the problem. But in some cases, the problem may not be with the ears at all: It could be a condition called auditory processing disorder (APD).

Even though hearing loss and Auditory Processing Disorder (APD) often present with similar signs, they are distinct conditions that require unique assessments and treatments. In this article, we will discover the fundamental differences to help you give your child the support they need.

Comprehending Hearing Impairment: A Definition.

Impaired auditory function, also called hearing loss, occurs when an individual’s capacity to sense sound is decreased, frequently caused by problems impacting the outer, middle, or inner ear.

Three key classifications:

• Conductive hearing loss: Caused by obstructions or damage in the outer or middle ear (like ear infections or wax accumulation)
• Sensorineural hearing loss: Consists of damage to the inner ear or the auditory nerve, often caused by aging, noise exposure, or genetics
• Mixed hearing loss: A mix of conductive and sensorineural types

Physicians typically make a diagnosis through conventional hearing tests like audiograms, otoacoustic emissions, or auditory brainstem response (ABR) testing. If a child suffers from hearing loss, the problem lies in their ability to sense sound in the first place.

What Is Auditory Processing Disorder?

In contrast, APD is not related to hearing difficulties, but instead a neurological issue that impacts the brain’s ability to process and comprehend auditory information. Children with Auditory Processing Disorder might have normal hearing, but they struggle to decipher and understand the sounds they hear.
It’s frequently described as “hearing but not understanding.”

Typical challenges faced in everyday situations:

• Difficulty understanding and executing verbal directions consisting of multiple steps
• Struggling to differentiate between similar sounds or words
• Having trouble focusing in loud settings (such as schools or busy eateries)
• Having trouble recognizing humor, irony, or expressions that aren’t meant to be taken literally

Because the ears work normally, a standard hearing test might come back showing no issues. In APD, the malfunction happens after sound is sensed, during processing in the central auditory nervous system.

How Testing and Diagnosis Differ

To diagnose hearing loss, audiologists use traditional hearing exams that assess sound detection. Diagnosing APD, on the other hand, calls for specialized testing that exceeds detecting sound.

Multidisciplinary teams will typically include:

• A hearing specialist to evaluate how the brain senses sound
• A specialist in speech and language to assess understanding and expression skills
• A psychologist should be consulted to determine any hidden attention or learning disorders that might mimic the symptoms of Auditory Processing Disorder (APD)

Options for Treatment and Assistance

If your child is diagnosed with hearing loss, treatment may include:

• Hearing aids
• Cochlear implants
• Assistive listening devices
• Medical or surgical interventions

Or, if your child is diagnosed with APD, support usually involves:

• Speech-language therapy
• Classroom accommodations (e.g., seating changes, written directions)
• Environmental modifications to reduce background noise
• Auditory processing therapy

APD vs. Hearing Loss: Final Thoughts

It’s important to differentiate between hearing loss and auditory processing disorder in order to provide your child with the most reliable assistance and accommodations. If your child appears to have trouble with listening despite having a normal hearing test, continue to explore further. The real issue may only be pinpointed by more in-depth evaluations. Children with the appropriate diagnosis and personalized treatment strategy can excel academically, in their home environment, and in a variety of other aspects of their lives.

For more information, give us a call.

Sources:.
About Hearing Loss in Children|Hearing Loss in Children|CDC.
Auditory processing disorder (APD)– Symptoms and causes– Mayo Clinic.
Auditory Processing Disorder vs. Hearing Loss: Key Differences.
Understanding the Differences: Auditory Processing Disorder vs. Hearing Loss|Hearing.
Associates of Las Vegas.
Auditory Processing Disorder (for Parents)|Nemours KidsHealth.